ʻO ka manaʻo i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā ʻo PRP i ʻike mua ʻia ma ke kahua o ka hematology i nā makahiki 1970.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Hematologists i ka huaʻōlelo PRP i nā makahiki i hala aku nei i ka hoʻāʻo e wehewehe i ka plasma i loaʻa mai nā helu platelet ma luna o nā waiwai basal i ke koko peripheral.ʻOi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PRP i ke kaʻina maxillofacial e like me ke ʻano o ka platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).He waiwai nui ka ʻike fibrin i loko o kēia PRP derivative no kāna mau waiwai adhesive a homeostatic, ʻoiai ʻo PRP he mau mea anti-inflammatory mau a hoʻoulu i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell.ʻO ka hope loa, ma kahi o nā 1990s, ua kaulana ʻo PRP, a i ka hopena, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻenehana i nā ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe.Mai ia manawa, ua aʻo nui ʻia kēia biology maikaʻi a hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻeha musculoskeletal like ʻole i ka poʻe haʻuki ʻoihana, e hāʻawi hou ana i kāna ʻike ākea ākea.Ma waho aʻe o ka maikaʻi i ka lāʻau orthopedic a me ka lāʻau haʻuki, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PRP i ka ophthalmology, gynecology, urology a me ka cardiology, pediatrics a me nā ʻoki plastik.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo PRP e ka poʻe dermatologists no kona hiki ke mālama i nā maʻi maʻi ʻili, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻili, ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻili hou a me ka lilo o ka lauoho.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka ʻike ʻia o ka PRP e hoʻoponopono pololei i ka ho'ōla a me nā kaʻina hana inflammatory, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka cascade ho'ōla ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla i nā pae ʻehā: hemostasis;ʻulaʻula;cellular a me ka matrix proliferation, a ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā ʻeha.
1. Ho'ōla 'i'i
Ho'ā 'ia ka cascade ho'ōla kino, he kaʻina hana e alakaʻi ai i ka platelet aggregation, clot formation, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi matrix extracellular manawa (ECM. Platelets a laila pili i ka collagen i hōʻike ʻia a me nā protein ECM, e hoʻoulu ai i ke alo o nā α-granules i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka. Bioactive Molecules Loaʻa i nā platelets nā ʻano molekole bioactive, me nā mea ulu, nā chemokines, a me nā cytokines, a me nā mea hoʻolaha pro-inflammatory e like me prostaglandins, prostatic cyclin, histamine, thromboxane, serotonin, a me bradykinin.
ʻO ka pae hope o ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka ʻeha.Hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka ʻili e hoʻokumu i kahi kaulike ma waena o nā pane anabolic a me catabolic.I loko o kēia māhele, hoʻoulu ka platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β) a me fibronectin i ka hoʻonui a me ka neʻeʻana o nā fibroblasts, a me ka synthesis o nā mea ECM.Eia naʻe,ʻo ka manawa o kaʻehaʻeha e hilinaʻi nuiʻia i ka nui o kaʻeha, nāʻano pilikino, a me ka mana ho'ōla kūikawā o kaʻiʻo iʻeha, a me kekahi mau mea pathophysiological a me ka metabolic hiki ke hoʻopili i ka hana ho'ōla, e like me ka ischemia, hypoxia, maʻi. , ʻAʻole kūpono ʻole ka ulu ʻana, a me nā maʻi pili i ka metabolic syndrome.
He microenvironment pro-inflammatory e hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla.No ka paʻakikī o nā mea, aia kekahi hana protease kiʻekiʻe e kāohi i ka hana kūlohelohe o ka ulu ulu (GF).Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai mitogenic, angiogenic, a me chemotactic, ʻo ka PRP kekahi kumu waiwai o nā kumu ulu he nui, nā biomolecules e hiki ke pale aku i nā hopena deleterious i nā ʻiʻo inflamed ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu anabolic.Hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau waiwai, ʻike paha nā mea noiʻi i ka mana nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻeha paʻakikī.
2. Cytokine
Hoʻokani nā Cytokines i PRP i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pōʻino inflammatory.ʻO nā cytokine anti-inflammatory kahi ākea ākea o nā moleke biochemical e hoʻoponopono i nā pane cytokine pro-inflammatory, ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā macrophages i hoʻāla ʻia.Hoʻopili nā cytokine anti-inflammatory me nā cytokine inhibitors kūikawā a me nā mea hoʻokipa cytokine soluble e hoʻololi i ka mumū.Interleukin (IL) -1 receptor antagonists, IL-4, IL-10, IL-11 a me IL-13 ua helu ʻia ʻo ia nā cytokine anti-inflammatory nui.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻeha, hiki i kekahi mau cytokines, e like me interferon, leukemia inhibitory factor, TGF-β a me IL-6, hiki ke hōʻike i nā hopena pro-a anti-inflammatory.Loaʻa iā TNF-α, IL1 a me IL-18 kekahi mau cytokine receptors i hiki ke kāohi i nā hopena pro-inflammatory o nā protein ʻē aʻe [37].ʻO IL-10 kekahi o nā cytokine anti-inflammatory ikaika loa, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā cytokine pro-inflammatory e like me IL-1, IL-6 a me TNF-α, a hoʻoponopono i nā cytokine anti-inflammatory.ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻoponopono kū'ē i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana a me ka hana o nā cytokine pro-inflammatory.Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau cytokines ke hoʻoulu i nā pane hōʻailona kikoʻī e hoʻoulu i nā fibroblasts, he mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kiko.ʻO nā cytokines inflammatory TGFβ1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, a me IL-33 e hoʻoulu i nā fibroblasts e hoʻokaʻawale i nā myofibroblasts a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ECM [38].I ka huli ʻana, hūnā nā fibroblasts i nā cytokines TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-33, CXC, a me CC chemokines, e hāpai ana i nā pane pro-inflammatory ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā cell immune e like me macrophages.He nui nā kuleana o kēia mau pūnaeho inflammatory ma ka wahi ʻeha, ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻeha - a me ka biosynthesis o nā chemokines, metabolites a me nā kumu ulu, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka ʻiʻo hou.No laila, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā cytokines i loko o ka PRP i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka cell type-mediated immune responses, e hoʻokele i ka hoʻonā o ka pae inflammatory.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kapa kekahi poʻe noiʻi i kēia kaʻina "regenerative inflammation," e hōʻike ana he hana koʻikoʻi ka pae inflammatory, ʻoiai ka hopohopo o ka mea maʻi, no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻiʻo e hiki ai i ka hopena kūleʻa, hāʻawi ʻia i nā mīkini epigenetic e hoʻolaha ai nā hōʻailona inflammatory i ka cellular. ka palaka.
3. Fibrin
Lawe nā platelets i kekahi mau mea pili i ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic e hiki ke hoʻoponopono a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha i ka pane fibrinolytic.ʻO ka pilina kino a me ka hāʻawi pili o nā ʻāpana hematological a me ka hana platelet i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka clot e noho mau ana i mea kūpono e kūkākūkā nui i ke kaiāulu.Hōʻike ka puke moʻolelo i nā haʻawina he nui e nānā wale ana i nā platelets, i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana ho'ōla.ʻOiai he nui nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hematological ʻē aʻe, e like me nā kumu coagulation a me ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic, e hāʻawi i nā mea nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻeha.Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, ʻo ka fibrinolysis kahi kaʻina olaola paʻakikī e hilinaʻi ana i ka hoʻāla ʻana o kekahi mau enzymes e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka fibrin.Ua manaʻo ʻia ka pane fibrinolytic e nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe e hiki ke lilo i nā huahana degradation fibrin (fdp) i nā molecular agents ke kuleana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, kahi kaʻina o nā hanana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka waiho ʻana o ka fibrin a me ka wehe ʻana mai ka angiogenesis, ka mea e pono ai no ka ho'ōla ʻana.ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi clot ma hope o ka hōʻeha e hana i kahi papa pale e pale ai i ka ʻiʻo mai ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana e nā microbial agents, a hāʻawi pū kekahi i kahi matrix pōkole e hiki ai i nā cell ke neʻe i ka wā hoʻoponopono.Ma muli o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka fibrinogen e nā serine proteases a me nā platelets i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o ka pūnaewele fibrin fibrous i hoʻopili ʻia.Hoʻomaka kēia hopena i ka polymerization o nā monomers fibrin, ka hanana nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke koko.Hiki i nā clots ke hana ma ke ʻano he waihona no nā cytokines a me nā kumu ulu, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka degranulation o nā platelets i hoʻāla ʻia.Hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic e ka plasmin a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka cell, growth factor bioavailability, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana protease ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻāʻī a me ka hana hou.ʻO nā mea nui i ka fibrinolysis, e like me ka urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) a me ka plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) ua ʻike ʻia e hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs), kahi ʻano kelepona kūikawā pono no ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻeha.
4. Ka Neʻe ʻana o ke kelepona
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o ka plasminogen ma o ka hui uPA-uPAR kahi hana e hoʻoikaika ai i ka neʻeʻana o ka cell inflammatory e like me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka proteolysis extracellular.No ka nele o ka uPAR i ka transmembrane a me ka intracellular domain, pono ka protein i nā co-receptors e like me integrins a me vitreins e hoʻoponopono i ka neʻe ʻana o ka cell.Eia hou, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka uPA-uPAR i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pili o ka uPAR no nā connexins vitreous a me nā integrins, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hoʻopili kelepona.ʻO Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) ma ka huli hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā pūnaewele, e luku ana i ka upar-vitrein a me ka integrin- i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka uPA o ka uPA-upar-integrin paʻakikī ma luna o ka cell surface Interaction of glass voxels.
I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pūnaewele mesenchymal mai ka iwi o ka iwi i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka pōʻino kino nui a no laila hiki ke loaʻa i ke kahe o nā maʻi me nā haʻihaʻi lehulehu.Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau kūlana, e like me ka pau ʻana o ka renal failure, ka pau ʻole o ka ate, a i ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻole ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka naʻau, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau cell i ke koko [66].ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau pūnaʻi progenitor mesenchymal (stromal) i ke koko o nā kānaka olakino [67].ʻO kahi hana no ka uPAR i loko o ka iwi iwi mesenchymal stem cell mobilization ua manaʻo ʻia ma mua, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka cell cell hematopoietic (HSC).ʻO Varabaneni et al.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka granulocyte colony-stimulating factor i nā ʻiole uPAR-deficient i kumu i ka hāʻule ʻole o nā MSC, e hoʻoikaika hou i ke kuleana kākoʻo o ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kelepona.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou aʻe e hoʻoponopono ana nā mea loaʻa uPA glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored i ka adhesion, migration, proliferation, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o ka hoʻāla ʻana i kekahi mau ala hōʻailona intracellular, penei: pro-survival phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/Akt a me ERK1/2 ala hōʻailona. , a me ka adhesion kinase (FAK).
Ua hōʻike hou aku nā MSC i ke koʻikoʻi i ka pōʻaiapili o ka ho'ōla ʻeha.No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike nā ʻiole plasminogen-deficient i nā lohi nui i nā hanana hoʻōla ʻeha, e hōʻike ana ua pili nui ka plasmin i kēia kaʻina hana.I loko o nā kānaka, hiki i ka nalowale o ka plasmin ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia o ka ho'ōla ʻana i ka ʻeha.ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko hiki ke kaohi nui i ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, e wehewehe ana i ke kumu e paʻakikī ai kēia mau kaʻina hana hou i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.
5. Nā Monocytes a me nā Pūnaehana Hana Hou
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, nui nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke kuleana o nā monocytes i ka ho'ōla ʻana i ka ʻeha.Loaʻa ʻia nā macrophages mai nā monocytes koko a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau regenerative [81].Ma muli o ka huna ʻana o nā neutrophils i ka IL-4, IL-1, IL-6 a me TNF-[alpha], komo maʻamau kēia mau cell i ka wahi ʻeha ma kahi o 24-48 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻeha.Hoʻokuʻu nā platelets i ka thrombin a me ka platelet factor 4 (PF4), ʻelua chemokines e hāpai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā monocytes a me kā lākou ʻokoʻa i loko o nā macrophages a me nā cell dendritic.ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā macrophages ko lākou plasticity, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā phenotypes a transdifferentiate i nā ʻano cell ʻē aʻe e like me nā cell endothelial, a ma hope e hōʻike i nā hana like ʻole i ka pane ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu biochemical like ʻole i ka microenvironment ʻeha.Hōʻike nā pūnaewele inflammatory ʻelua phenotypes nui, M1 a i ʻole M2, e pili ana i ka hōʻailona molekala kūloko i ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā macrophages M1 e nā microbial agents a pēlā e loaʻa ai nā hopena pro-inflammatory.I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hana maʻamau ʻia nā macrophages M2 e kahi pane ʻano 2 a loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai anti-inflammatory, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, a me IL-13.Hoʻopili pū ʻia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kiko ma o ka hana ʻana i nā mea ulu.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka M1 a i ka M2 isoforms e alakaʻi nui ʻia e nā pae hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻeha, kahi e hoʻoulu ai nā macrophages M1 i ka neutrophil apoptosis a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o kēia mau cell).Hoʻoulu ka Phagocytosis e nā neutrophils i kahi kaulahao o nā hanana kahi i hoʻopau ʻia ai ka hana cytokine, polarizing macrophages a hoʻokuʻu iā TGF-β1.ʻO kēia kumu ulu kahi mea hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka myofibroblast a me ka hōʻeha ʻeha, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka mumū a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka proliferative phase i ka cascade ho'ōla [57].ʻO kekahi pūmua pili loa e pili ana i nā kaʻina cellular he serine (SG).Ua ʻike ʻia he pono kēia hematopoietic cell-secreted granulan no ka mālama ʻana i nā protein huna i loko o nā cell immune kikoʻī, e like me nā mast cell, neutrophils, a me nā cytotoxic T lymphocytes.ʻOiaiʻo ka nui o nā pūnaewele non-hematopoietic pū kekahi e synthesize i ka serotonin, hana nā pūnaewele inflammatory a pau i ka nui o kēia protein a mālama i loko o nā granules no ka launa houʻana me nā mea hoʻolaha'ē aʻe, e like me nā proteases, cytokines, chemokines, a me ka mea ulu.ʻO nā kaulahao glycosaminoglycan (GAG) i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka SG he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka homeostasis granule huna, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana granule i hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia i loko o ke ʻano cell-, protein-, a me GAG chain-specific.E pili ana i kā lākou komo ʻana i ka PRP, ua hōʻike mua ʻo Woulfe a me nā hoahana i ka pili nui ʻana o ka hemahema SG me ka morphology platelet i hoʻololi ʻia;nā hemahema i loko o ka platelet factor 4, beta-thromglobulin, a me ka waiho ʻana o PDGF i nā platelets;maikaʻi ʻole ka platelet aggregation a me ka huna ʻana i loko o ka vitro a me ka thrombosis i loko o ka vivo form defects.No laila ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe noiʻi e ʻike ʻia kēia proteoglycan he kumu hoʻoponopono o ka thrombosis.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā huahana waiwai nui ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka centrifuging i ke koko holoʻokoʻa o ke kanaka, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hui ʻana i nā papa like ʻole me ka plasma, platelets, leukocytes, a me nā leukocytes.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka platelet ma mua o nā waiwai basal, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi a me ka ʻiʻo palupalu me nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana PRP autologous kahi biotechnology hou e hoʻomau nei i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hopena hoʻohiki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ʻeha kino like ʻole.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka maikaʻi o kēia ala lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻopuka topical o nā ʻano ulu ulu a me nā protein, mimicking a kākoʻo i ka ho'ōla ʻana i ka ʻeha physiological a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono.Eia kekahi, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka ʻiʻo holoʻokoʻa.Ma waho aʻe o kona hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā cell inflammatory a me nā mesenchymal stem cell, hoʻololi ia i ka hana proteolytic i nā wahi ho'ōla ʻeha a i ka wā o ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻiʻo mesodermal me ka iwi, cartilage a me ka ʻiʻo, a no laila ke kī nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau musculoskeletal.
ʻO ka wikiwiki ka ho'ōla ʻana he pahuhopu i ʻimi nui ʻia e nā poʻe ʻoihana he nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ʻo PRP kahi mea hana olaola maikaʻi e hoʻomau nei i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hoʻomohala hoʻohiki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hui pū ʻana o nā hanana regenerative.Eia nō naʻe, no ka paʻakikī o kēia mea hana lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka nui o nā mea bioactive a me kā lākou ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā hopena hōʻailona, pono e noiʻi hou aku.
（Paʻi hou ʻia nā mea o kēia ʻatikala, ʻaʻole mākou e hāʻawi i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo a i ʻole ka hōʻoia ʻana no ka pololei, hilinaʻi a i ʻole ka piha o nā mea i loko o kēia ʻatikala, a ʻaʻole kuleana no nā manaʻo o kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo.)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-19-2022