ʻO nā platelets (thrombocytes) nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka cytoplasm i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka cytoplasm o Megakaryocyte oʻo i ka iwi iwi.ʻOiai ʻo Megakaryocyte ka helu liʻiliʻi loa o nā cell hematopoietic i loko o ka iwi iwi, ʻo 0.05% wale nō o ka nui o nā pūnaewele nucleated iwi iwi, ʻo nā platelets a lākou e hana ai he mea nui loa ia no ka hana hemostatic o ke kino.Hiki i kēlā me kēia Megakaryocyte ke hana i 200-700 platelets.
ʻO ka helu platelet o ke kanaka makua maʻamau (150-350) × 109/L.Loaʻa i nā platelets ka hana o ka mālama pono ʻana i nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko.Ke emi ka helu platelet i 50 × Ke emi ke koko ma lalo o 109/L, hiki i ka ʻeha liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ke koko ke kumu i nā kiko koko ma ka ʻili a me ka submucosa, a me ka purpura nui.ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i nā platelets ke hoʻopaʻa i ka paia vascular i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻopiha i nā āpau i waiho ʻia e ka detachment cell endothelial, a hiki ke hoʻohui i loko o nā cell endothelial vascular, kahi mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o ka endothelial cell a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā cell endothelial.Ke liʻiliʻi loa nā platelets, paʻakikī kēia mau hana e hoʻopau a aia ke ʻano o ke koko.ʻO nā platelets i loko o ke koko e kahe ana ma ke ʻano he "kūʻokoʻa".Akā i ka wā e pōʻino ai nā kīʻaha koko, hoʻāla ʻia nā platelets ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka hana o kekahi mau kumu coagulation.Hiki i nā platelets i ho'ā 'ia ke ho'oku'u i nā mea e pono ai no ke ka'ina hemostatic a ho'oikaika i nā hana physiological e like me ka adhesion, aggregation, release, and adsorption.
Loaʻa pū ʻia nā platelet e hana ana i ka Megakaryocyte mai nā pūnaewele kumu hematopoietic i loko o ka iwi iwi.Hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia nā pūnaʻi kumu hematopoietic i nā megakaryocyte progenitor cell, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka colony forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU Meg).ʻO nā chromosomes i loko o ka nucleus o ka pae progenitor cell maʻamau he 2-3 ploidy.I ka wā i diploid a i ʻole tetraploid nā cell progenitor, hiki i nā cell ke hoʻonui, no laila ʻo ia ka pae e hoʻonui ai nā laina Megakaryocyte i ka helu o nā cell.I ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā pūnaewele progenitor megakaryocyte i 8-32 ploidy Megakaryocyte, hoʻomaka ka cytoplasm e ʻokoʻa a hoʻopau mālie ka ʻōnaehana Endomembrane.ʻO ka hope, hoʻokaʻawale kahi mea membrane i ka cytoplasm o Megakaryocyte i nā wahi liʻiliʻi.Ke hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia kēlā me kēia cell, lilo ia i platelet.Hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia, hāʻule nā platelets mai Megakaryocyte ma o ke āpau ma waena o nā cell endothelial o ka paia sinus o ka vein a komo i ke kahawai koko.
Loaʻa i nā waiwai immunological ʻokoʻa loa.ʻO TPO kahi glycoprotein i hana nui ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa, me ke kaumaha molekala ma kahi o 80000-90000.Ke emi ka platelets i loko o ke kahe koko, piʻi ka ʻike o TPO i ke koko.ʻO nā hana o kēia kumu hoʻoponopono: ① hoʻonui i ka synthesis DNA i loko o nā cell progenitor a hoʻonui i ka helu o nā polyploid cell;② Hoʻoulu i ka Megakaryocyte e synthesize i ka protein;③ E hoʻonui i ka nui o ka Megakaryocyte, e hoʻonui i ka hana platelet.I kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻonui a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Megakaryocyte e hoʻoponopono nui ʻia e nā kumu hoʻoponopono ʻelua ma nā pae ʻelua o ka ʻokoʻa.ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻoponopono ʻelua he megakaryocyte Colony-stimulating factor (Meg CSF) a me Thrombopoietin (TPO).ʻO Meg CSF kahi mea hoʻoponopono e hana nui i ka pae progenitor cell, a ʻo kāna kuleana ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā megakaryocyte progenitor cell.Ke emi ka huina o Megakaryocyte i loko o ka iwi iwi, hoʻonui ka hana o kēia kumu hoʻoponopono.
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o nā platelets i ke kahe koko, loaʻa iā lākou nā hana physiological wale nō no nā lā mua ʻelua, akā hiki i ko lākou awelika ola ke 7-14 mau lā.I nā hana hemostatic physiological, e hoʻopau nā platelets iā lākou iho a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea hana āpau ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana;Hiki ke hoʻohui pū i loko o nā pūnaewele endothelial vascular.Ma kahi o ka ʻelemakule a me ka luku ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā platelets i kā lākou hana physiological.Hoʻopili ʻia nā platelets kahiko i loko o ka spleen, ate, a me nā ʻiʻo māmā.
1. Ultrastructure o platelets
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻike ʻia nā platelets e like me nā disc convex ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, me ke anawaena awelika o 2-3 μm.ʻO 8 μ M3 ka nui o ka awelika.ʻO nā platelets nā pūnaewele nucleated me kahi ʻano kikoʻī ʻole ma lalo o kahi microscope optical, akā hiki ke nānā ʻia ka ultrastructure paʻakikī ma lalo o kahi microscope electron.I kēia manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o nā platelets i nā wahi a puni, sol gel area, Organelle area a me kahi ʻōnaehana membrane kūikawā.
He laumania ka papapalapala maʻamau, me nā hale concave liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia, a he ʻōnaehana canalicular hāmama (OCS).ʻO ka ʻāpana a puni o ka ʻili platelet he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: ka papa waho, ka membrane unit, a me ka ʻāpana submembrane.Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka ʻaʻahu me nā glycoproteins (GP), e like me GP Ia, GP Ib, GP IIa, GP IIb, GP IIIa, GP IV, GP V, GP IX, a pēlā aku. i TSP, thrombin, collagen, fibrinogen, etc. He mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā platelets e komo i ka coagulation a me ka hoʻoponopono immune.ʻO ka membrane unit, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka membrane plasma, aia nā ʻāpana protein i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lipid bilayer.ʻO ka helu a me ka hāʻawi ʻana o kēia mau mea pili i ka platelet adhesion a me ka hana coagulation.Aia i loko o ka membrane ka Na + - K + - ATPase, ka mea e mālama ai i ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ka ion i loko a ma waho o ka membrane.Aia ka ʻāpana submembrane ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka membrane unit a me ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka microtubule.Aia ka wahi submembrane i nā filament submembrane a me Actin, e pili ana i ka platelet adhesion a me ka hoʻohui.
Aia nā microtubules, microfilaments a me nā filament submembrane ma ka ʻāpana sol gel o nā platelets.Hoʻokumu kēia mau mea i ka iwi iwi a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻokiʻoki o nā platelets, e pāʻani ana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka deformation platelet, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻāpana, ke kau ʻana, a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka clot.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā Microtubules me Tubulin, ʻo ia ka 3% o ka nui o ka protein platelet.ʻO kā lākou hana nui ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o nā platelets.Loaʻa i nā microfilaments ka Actin, ʻo ia ka protein nui loa i nā platelets a ʻo ia ka 15% ~ 20% o ka nui o ka protein platelet.ʻO nā filament submembrane ka nui o nā ʻāpana fiber, hiki ke kōkua i ka protein paʻa paʻa ʻo Actin a me Actin crosslink i loko o nā pūpū.Ma ke kumu o ka hiki ʻana o Ca2+, hui pū ka actin me ka prothrombin, contractin, binding protein, co actin, myosin, etc.
Papa 1 Main Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
ʻO ka ʻāpana Organelle ka wahi i nui nā ʻano Organelle i loko o nā platelets, he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hana o nā platelets.He wahi wela no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou.ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻāpana Organelle he mau ʻāpana like ʻole, e like me α Particles, dense particles（ δ Particles) a me Lysosome（ λ Particles, etc., e nānā i ka Papa 1 no nā kikoʻī.ʻO α Granules nā wahi mālama i loko o nā platelets e hiki ke hūnā i nā protein.Aia ma mua o ʻumi i loko o kēlā me kēia platelet α Particles.ʻO ka papa 1 ka papa inoa o nā mea nui wale nō, a e like me ka ʻimi ʻana a ka mea kākau, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo α Aia ma luna o 230 pae o nā platelet derived factor (PDF) i loko o nā granules.Lakiō mānoanoa α He liʻiliʻi iki nā ʻāpana, me ke anawaena o 250-300nm, a he 4-8 mau ʻāpana paʻa i loko o kēlā me kēia platelet.I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo 65% o ADP a me ATP i mālama ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana paʻa i nā platelets, a ʻo 90% o 5-HT i loko o ke koko e mālama ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana paʻa.No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi nā ʻāpana paʻa no ka hōʻuluʻulu platelet.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka ADP a me 5-HT i ka maʻi lapaʻau e loiloi i ka hana huna platelet.Eia kekahi, loaʻa i kēia ʻāina ka mitochondria a me Lysosome, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi wahi hotspot noiʻi ma ka home a ma waho o kēia makahiki.ʻO ka 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻepekema, ʻo James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, a me Thomas C. S ü dhof, no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea pohihihi o nā mīkini lawe intracellular.Nui nō hoʻi nā kahua ʻike ʻole i ka metabolism o nā mea a me ka ikehu i nā platelets ma o nā kino intracellular a me Lysosome.
Aia ka ʻāpana ʻōnaehana membrane kūikawā i ka OCS a me ka dense tubular system (DTS).ʻO ka OCS kahi ʻōnaehana pipeline tortuous i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻili o nā platelets e hāʻule ana i loko o nā platelets, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka ʻili o nā platelets e pili ana me ka plasma.I ka manawa like, he kaila extracellular ia no nā mea like ʻole e komo i nā platelets a hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻāpana particulate o nā platelets.ʻAʻole pili ka pipeline DTS i ka honua o waho a he wahi ia no ka synthesis o nā mea i loko o nā ʻāpana koko.
2. Ka Hana Pilikino o Platelets
ʻO ka hana physiological nui o nā platelets ke komo i ka hemostasis a me ka thrombosis.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana hana o nā platelets i ka wā o ka hemostasis physiological i ʻelua mau pae: ka hemostasis mua a me ka hemostasis lua.He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā platelets i nā pae ʻelua o ka hemostasis, akā ʻokoʻa nā hana kikoʻī e hana ai lākou.
1) ʻO ka hana hemostatic mua o nā platelets
ʻO ka thrombus i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wā hemostasis mua he thrombus keʻokeʻo, a ʻo nā hopena hoʻāla e like me ka platelet adhesion, deformation, hoʻokuʻu, a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana he mau hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana hemostasis mua.
I. Ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka platelet adhesion
ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o nā platelets a me nā ʻāpana platelet ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo platelet adhesion, ʻo ia ka hana mua i ke komo ʻana i nā hopena hemostatic maʻamau ma hope o ka pōʻino vascular a me kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka thrombosis pathological.Ma hope o ka ʻeha vascular, hoʻāla ʻia nā platelets e kahe ana i loko o kēia moku e ka ʻili o ka ʻiʻo ma lalo o ka endothelium vascular a hoʻopili koke i nā kaula collagen i hōʻike ʻia ma ka wahi ʻeha.Ma 10 mau minuke, hiki i nā platelets i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻāina i ko lākou waiwai kiʻekiʻe, e hana ana i nā koko keʻokeʻo.
ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka platelet adhesion e komo pū me ka platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅰ (GP Ⅰ), von Willebrand factor (vW factor) a me ka collagen i loko o ka ʻiʻo subendothelial.ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka collagen i loaʻa ma ka paia vascular ʻo ia nā ʻano I, III, IV, V, VI, a me VII, i waena o ia mau ʻano I, III, a me IV collagen ka mea nui loa no ke kaʻina adhesion platelet ma lalo o nā kūlana kahe.ʻO ke kumu vW he alahaka ia e hoʻopili ai i ka pili ʻana o nā platelets i ke ʻano I, III, a me IV collagen, a ʻo ka glycoprotein specific receptor GP Ib ma ka membrane platelet ke kahua nui no ka platelet collagen binding.Eia kekahi, komo pū nā glycoproteins GP IIb/IIIa, GP Ia/IIa, GP IV, CD36, a me CD31 ma ka platelet membrane i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka collagen.
II.Pane hoʻohui platelet
ʻO ke ʻano o nā platelets e pili ana kekahi i kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo aggregation.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka hopena adhesion.Ma ke alo o Ca2+, platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa a me fibrinogen aggregate i hoʻopuehu pū ʻia nā platelets.Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka hoʻohui platelet e ʻelua ʻano hana like ʻole, hoʻokahi nā mea hoʻokalakupua kemika, a ʻo kekahi ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi shear ma lalo o nā kūlana kahe.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hoʻololi nā platelets mai kahi ʻano diski i kahi ʻano spherical a hoʻopuka i kekahi mau wāwae pseudo e like me nā kākalaioa liʻiliʻi;I ka manawa like, pili ka platelet degranulation i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea ikaika e like me ADP a me 5-HT i mālama mua ʻia i nā ʻāpana paʻa.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ADP, 5-HT a me ka hana ʻana o kekahi Prostaglandin he mea nui loa ia no ka hoʻohui.
ʻO ADP ka mea nui loa no ka hōʻuluʻulu platelet, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ADP endogenous i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā platelets.E hoʻohui i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ADP (concentration ma 0.9) i ka platelet suspension μ Ma lalo o ka mol / L), hiki ke hana koke i ka platelet aggregation, akā wikiwiki ka depolymerize;Inā hoʻohui ʻia nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ADP (1.0) μ Ma kahi o ka mol/L, hiki mai ka lua o ka manawa hoʻohui i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia ma hope koke o ka pau ʻana o ka pae aggregation mua a me ka pae depolymerization, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka endogenous ADP i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā platelets;Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o ka ADP, hiki koke ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia, e komo pololei ana i ka lua o ka hoʻohui.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka thrombin i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka platelet hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka platelet aggregation;A e like me ADP, e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka dosage, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hōʻuluʻulu hoʻohuli ʻana mai ka pae mua a hiki i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka hoʻohui ʻana, a laila komo pololei i ka lua o ka hoʻohui.Ma muli o ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ADP endogenous me ka adenosine hiki ke kāohi i ka hōʻuluʻulu platelet i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka thrombin, hōʻike ʻia e hiki ke hopena i ka hopena o ka thrombin ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka thrombin i nā thrombin receptors ma ka membrane cell platelet, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka endogenous ADP.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka collagen hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka platelet aggregation i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, akā ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia i ka lua o ka hana ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ADP i hoʻokumu ʻia e collagen.Hiki i nā mea hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka platelet aggregation hiki ke hōʻemi i ka cAMP i loko o nā platelets, aʻo nā mea e kāohi i ka platelet aggregation e hoʻonui i ka cAMP.No laila, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka cAMP hiki ke hoʻonui i ka Ca2 + i nā platelets, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ADP endogenous.Hoʻokumu ʻo ADP i ka platelet aggregation, kahi e pono ai ka hele ʻana o Ca2+ a me fibrinogen, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.
ʻO ke kuleana o ka platelet Prostaglandin ʻO ka phospholipid o ka platelet plasma membrane he Arachidonic acid, a ʻo ka platelet cell i loaʻa ka Phosphatidic acid A2.Ke hoʻāla ʻia nā platelets ma ka ʻili, hoʻāla pū ʻia ka Phospholipase A2.Ma lalo o ka catalysis o Phospholipase A2, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka waikawa Arachidonic mai nā phospholipids i ka membrane plasma.Hiki i ka waika Arachidonic ke hana i ka nui o TXA2 ma lalo o ka catalysis o platelet cyclooxygenase a me Thromboxane synthase.Hoʻemi ʻo TXA2 i ka cAMP i loko o nā platelets, ka hopena i kahi hoʻohui platelet ikaika a me ka hopena vasoconstriction.ʻAʻole paʻa ʻo TXA2, no laila e hoʻololi koke ia i TXB2 hana ʻole.Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā pūnaewele endothelial vascular maʻamau i ka prostacyclin synthase, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hana o prostacyclin (PGI2) mai nā platelets.Hiki i ka PGI2 ke hoʻonui i ka cAMP i loko o nā platelets, no laila he hopena paʻa i ka platelet aggregation a me Vasoconstriction.
Hiki ke hele i ka Adrenaline ma o ka α 2. Hiki i ka mediation o Adrenergic receptor ke kumu i ka biphasic platelet aggregation, me ka hoʻonui o (0.1 ~ 10) μ Mol / L.ʻO ka thrombin ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (<0.1 μ Ma ka mol / L, ʻo ka hui mua o nā platelets ke kumu nui ʻia e PAR1; Ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (0.1-0.3) μ I ka mol / L, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka lua o ka hui ʻana e PAR1 a me PAR4 ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika ikaika o ka platelet aggregation pū kekahi me ka platelet activating factor (PAF), collagen, vW factor, 5-HT, etc. atherosclerosis.
III.Pane hoʻokuʻu platelet
Ke hoʻokau ʻia nā platelets i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka physiological, mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele α ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea he nui i loko o nā ʻāpana a me nā lysosomes e kipaku ʻia mai nā cell i kapa ʻia he hopena hoʻokuʻu.Loaʻa ka hana o ka hapa nui o nā platelets ma o nā hopena olaola o nā mea i hana ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.Aneane hiki i nā mea hoʻonāuki a pau e hoʻoulu ai i ka platelet aggregation hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka hopena.ʻO ka hopena hoʻokuʻu maʻamau ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka pae mua o nā platelets, a ʻo ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka hopena hoʻokuʻu e hoʻoulu i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻāpana ʻelua.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā inducers i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i:
i.Nawaliwali inducer: ADP, adrenaline, Norepinephrine, vasopressin, 5-HT.
ii.Nā mea hoʻoulu waena: TXA2, PAF.
iii.Nā mea hoʻoulu ikaika: thrombin, pancreatic enzyme, collagen.
2) ʻO ke kuleana o nā platelets i ka coagulation koko
Hoʻokomo nui nā Platelets i nā ʻano coagulation like ʻole ma o ka phospholipids a me ka membrane glycoproteins, me ka adsorption a me ka hoʻāla ʻana o nā kumu coagulation (nā kumu IX, XI, a me XII), ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā paʻakikī e hoʻoulu ai i ka coagulation ma ka ʻili o nā membrane phospholipid, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka prothrombin.
Hoʻopili ka membrane plasma ma ka ʻili o nā platelets i nā mea coagulation like ʻole, e like me fibrinogen, factor V, factor XI, factor XIII, etc. a ʻo PF3 hoʻi e hoʻoikaika nei i ka coagulation koko.Hiki i ka PF4 ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka heparin, aʻo ka PF6 ke kāohi i ka fibrinolysis.Ke hoʻoikaika ʻia nā platelets ma luna o ka ʻili, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolalelale i ke kaʻina hana hoʻāla ʻili o nā kumu coagulation XII a me XI.ʻO ka phospholipid surface (PF3) i hāʻawi ʻia e nā platelets i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka prothrombin e 20000 mau manawa.Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea Xa a me V i ka ʻili o kēia phospholipid, hiki ke pale ʻia lākou mai nā hopena inhibitory o antithrombin III a me heparin.
Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā platelets e hana i kahi thrombus hemostatic, ua hana mua ke kaʻina coagulation ma ka ʻāina, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā platelets i kahi nui o nā phospholipid surfaces, e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka mea X a me ka prothrombin.Ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā platelets e ka collagen, thrombin a i ʻole kaolin, ʻo ka Sphingomyelin a me Phosphatidylcholine ma waho o ka platelet membrane e huli aʻe me ka phosphatidyl Ethanolamine a me ka phosphatidylserine ma loko, e hoʻonui ai i ka phosphatidyl Ethanolamine a me ka phosphatidylserine ma ka ʻili o ka membrane.ʻO nā pūʻulu phosphatidyl ma luna i hoʻohuli ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o nā platelets e komo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā vesicle ma ka ʻili membrane i ka wā o ka hana platelet.Wehe ʻia nā vesicle a komo i ke kahe koko e hana i nā microcapsules.ʻO nā vesicle a me nā microcapsules he waiwai i ka phosphatidylserine, e kōkua ana i ka hui a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka prothrombin a komo i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke koko.
Ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu platelet, ʻo kāna α ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea platelet like ʻole i loko o nā ʻāpana e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻili koko, a paʻa i nā ʻāpana koko ʻē aʻe e hana i nā clots.No laila, ʻoiai e hoʻopau mālie nā platelets, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hemostatic emboli.ʻO nā platelets i waiho ʻia i loko o ke koko he pseudopodia e hohola ana i loko o ka ʻupena pili koko.Hoʻopaʻa nā protein contractile i loko o kēia mau platelets, e hoʻihoʻi i ke koko koko, e ʻoki ana i ka serum a lilo i plug hemostatic paʻa, e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka āpau.
I ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā platelets a me ka ʻōnaehana coagulation ma ka ʻili, hoʻāla pū ia i ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic.E hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Plasmin a me kāna mea hana i loko o nā platelets.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke serotonin mai nā kaula koko a me nā platelets hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i nā cell endothelial e hoʻokuʻu i nā mea hana.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā platelets a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o PF6 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kāohi ai i nā proteases, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hana fibrinolytic i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā koko koko.
（Paʻi hou ʻia nā mea o kēia ʻatikala, ʻaʻole mākou e hāʻawi i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo a i ʻole ka hōʻoia ʻana no ka pololei, hilinaʻi a i ʻole ka piha o nā mea i loko o kēia ʻatikala, a ʻaʻole kuleana no nā manaʻo o kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo.)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-13-2023